Preface
But as many developers and hobbyists quickly realize, setting up remote access behind firewalls or NAT routers is not always straightforward.
This article will explain various ways to remotely access Raspberry Pi and IoT devices behind firewalls and routers, compare solutions, and share security best practices to keep your devices safe.
Why It’s Difficult to Connect Behind Firewalls
This means the device has a private IP address and cannot be directly accessed from the internet.
Challenges include:
Private IP addresses not accessible externally
Firewalls blocking inbound traffic
ISP restrictions on port forwarding
Security risks of exposing devices online
Solutions for Remote Access
1. Port Forwarding
One of the most traditional methods for remote access is setting up port forwarding on your router.
2. Dynamic DNS (DDNS)
But again, security remains a concern.
3. VPN (Virtual Private Network)
VPNs are a popular and secure solution.
4. Reverse SSH Tunneling
If you need remote SSH access to Raspberry Pi behind a firewall, reverse SSH tunneling is highly effective.
5. Third-Party Remote Access Services
This is an excellent option for beginners who want to manage IoT devices behind routers without complex setups.
Step-by-Step: Remotely Access Raspberry Pi Behind Firewall Using Reverse SSH
Prepare a Remote Server
This will act as the middleman for your remote connection.
Create SSH Keys
Generate SSH keys on your Raspberry Pi and copy them to the remote server for secure authentication.
Set Up Reverse Tunnel
ssh -R 2222:localhost:22 Remotely Access Raspberry Pi Behind Firewall [email protected]
This command allows you to SSH into your VPS and then access your Raspberry Pi on port 2222.
Automate the Connection
This ensures your Raspberry Pi behind router remains accessible.
Using VPN for IoT Devices Behind Router
A VPN is one of the most secure methods for remotely accessing IoT devices behind firewalls.
Options include:
Running OpenVPN or WireGuard on Raspberry Pi
Using routers with built-in VPN servers
Cloud VPNs like Tailscale or ZeroTier for simplified configuration
Cloud-Based Remote Access Tools
Ngrok
Creates a secure tunnel to your local device, giving you a temporary public URL.
Dataplicity
Specifically designed for Raspberry Pi remote access.
Tailscale / ZeroTier
Perfect for managing multiple IoT devices securely.
Safe Remote Connections
Here are security best practices:
Use SSH keys instead of passwords
Enable firewalls on Raspberry Pi and IoT devices
Keep software and firmware updated
Use strong VPN encryption
Limit access with IP whitelisting
Security should never be an afterthought when setting up remote access behind firewalls or routers.
Practical Applications
Home automation: Monitor and control smart devices from anywhere
IoT projects: Remotely update and debug devices in real-world deployments
Media servers: Access your Raspberry Pi-powered media server remotely
Learning and development: Students can practice coding on Raspberry Pi without physical access
Business IoT systems: Manage industrial IoT devices behind corporate firewalls securely
Trends in Remote Connectivity
Zero-trust networking, cloud-native VPNs, and AI-driven security will dominate the future.
Conclusion
Whether you’re a hobbyist working with Raspberry Pi behind a router or a developer managing IoT devices behind firewalls, having reliable and secure remote access is essential.
The key is balancing convenience with security—using trusted tools, encrypting connections, and keeping your devices protected.